In some circumstances, even keeping someone calm for several additional minutes can make a significant difference.

The Dangers Aren’t Limited to Being Physically Trapped

There are several other risks associated with confined spaces.

Sharp rocks can cause cuts, bruises, fractures, or other injuries.

Underground environments can be surprisingly cold, particularly when a person remains motionless for an extended period.

A trapped person may have no access to drinking water.

Trying repeatedly to escape can consume enormous amounts of energy.

A restricted position can sometimes interfere with normal breathing, particularly if the chest is compressed.

Movement around unstable rock can create additional hazards for both the trapped person and rescuers.

For these reasons, rescue teams must consider the entire environment—not just the person who needs help.

Why Rescuers Can’t Simply Pull Him Out

From the photograph, the opening looks large enough to see the person’s head and part of his body.