That can create the impression that rescuers should simply grab him and pull.

In reality, the widest visible opening isn’t necessarily the widest part of the passage.

A person’s body may be trapped farther inside.

The shoulders may be caught.

The hips may be wedged.

The person’s clothing may be snagged.

Or the rock formation may narrow immediately behind the visible section.

Rescuers therefore need to understand the geometry of the space before applying significant force.

Depending on the circumstances, specialized rescue equipment may be necessary to stabilize rocks, widen an opening, protect the trapped person, or carefully reposition the body.

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The Psychological Trauma Can Be Just as Serious

Being trapped underground can be terrifying.

Darkness, confined space, uncertainty, and the inability to move freely can trigger intense panic.

Even after someone is successfully rescued, the psychological effects may continue.

Some people may experience anxiety, nightmares, fear of enclosed spaces, or distress when remembering the event.